
Prune in summer or fall rather than late winter — beyond the sap bleed common to all maples, Norway maple is the species most prone to frost cracks, long vertical bark splits on the south and southwest trunk face that reopen in the same spot winter after winter. The trap is over-thinning: it carries an exceptionally dense canopy, and crews who strip interior branches to 'let light through' expose that thin bark and make the sunscald and cracking measurably worse.
Norway maple decline usually has a cause you can find at ground level: a flattened, straight-sided base with no flare means girdling roots and a countdown. Above ground, rule out verticillium wilt — sudden one-sided branch wilt with olive-green streaking in the sapwood is often terminal, whereas the black tar-spot blotches that alarm every homeowner in August are purely cosmetic and change nothing about the tree's health.