
Scotch pine above all, also Austrian and red pine. Native white pine is less affected. The whole tree browns in a single season, often starting on one side. Needles stay attached.
There is no cure once symptoms appear. The tree needs removing promptly — dead pines are a fire and fall risk, and the beetles that carry the nematode breed in the dead wood.
The main reason mature Scotch pine is disappearing from Indiana windbreaks and old Christmas tree plantings.