What trees does emerald ash borer attack?
All true ash — green, white, black. Not mountain ash, which isn't an ash. Thinning from the top down, D-shaped exit holes about an eighth of an inch across, sprouts low on the trunk, and pale flecking where woodpeckers have stripped bark to get at larvae.
Outcome
Treatable while the canopy is still mostly intact. Once roughly a third of it is gone, treatment stops being worth the money and the tree becomes a removal — and a dead ash goes brittle unusually fast, which makes it both more dangerous and more expensive the longer it stands.
Indiana specifics
It has already moved through Indiana and killed the overwhelming majority of untreated ash. An untreated ash here is on a clock, not at risk.
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