
Suburban lot geometry, mostly. Postwar central Indiana subdivisions were planted with silver maple, pin oak, and later Callery pear on small lots — species that mature far larger than the space they were given — and additions, decks, and driveways were later built out toward them. The tree did not move; the expectations did. Foundation cracking near trees in this region traces far more often to shrink-swell in the glacial-till clay and to downspouts dumping at the wall than to root pressure; a tree can worsen a dry-season shrink but rarely originates the crack. Attributing a specific crack to a specific tree requires a structural engineer, not an arborist — UNVERIFIED for any individual property.
Branches touching or rubbing shingles, or resting on the gutter; a trunk within a few feet of the foundation or a corner; a crown that overhangs so much the roof stays damp and mossy; roots surfacing near the footing; the tree filling a bedroom window. Note what you do not see — intact bark, an even full crown, and no cracks or cavities means you have a tree that is close, not a tree that is failing.