
An open cavity you can see or reach into, usually at an old branch stub, a storm wound, or the base; a stretch of trunk that thuds dully when rapped, compared against sound trunk higher up on the same tree; a squirrel or raccoon living in the stem, or ant traffic in and out of a hole; piles of sawdust-like frass below an opening; bark that sounds papery and sits over nothing behind it. Hollow is not automatically dangerous, and this is where homeowners get oversold more than anywhere else on this list. A tree is a tube, and a tube carries bending load in its outer wall — a hollow stem with a thick continuous shell can be as strong as a solid one. What actually matters is the thickness of remaining sound wall relative to trunk radius, and whether the cavity is closed or has an open slot in the side. An open slot is worse than a sealed hollow of the same size because the tube can no longer resist flattening inward. Neither of those is visible by looking at the hole.
Within weeks. Normally a hazardous tree removal job, $800–$5,000 around Indianapolis depending on size and access.
Frequently, yes. Hollow mature trees stand for decades and are among the most valuable wildlife trees on a property. Retention hinges on measuring the wall: arborists screen against a residual-wall-to-radius rule of thumb near one third and look much harder at anything thinner, at open slots, and at heavy one-sided crowns. Where the wall is marginal but the tree is worth keeping, crown reduction shortens the lever arm and is a genuine alternative to removal. Refuse cavity filling with concrete or foam, sealing, painting, and 'cleaning it out' — all of it adds injury and hides the thing that needs to be monitored.