Answered for Carmel, Hamilton County.
When soil lifts in an arc, the root plate is rotating out of the ground. The tree is not settling and it is not adjusting to the wind — anchorage has partly failed and the root mass on the far side is levering the ground upward. This is the one sign on this list that describes a failure already in progress rather than a condition that might eventually cause one. Gradual root-raised turf means the opposite: roots simply growing near the surface, with no loss of anchorage and no hazard. In Carmel — Village of WestClay, Brookshire and Woodland Springs included, that's normally a emergency tree service job at $500–$3,500. Call tonight.
Carmel went from 1,442 residents in 1960 to 18,272 by 1980, 37,733 by 2000 and 99,757 by 2020, so the bulk of the housing is 1970s through 2000s — I-465 construction beginning in 1967 set it off, and the town incorporated as a city in 1976. Old Town Carmel and Home Place, an early-20th-century interurban-era settlement annexed by Carmel in 2018, carry 60-to-100-year canopy, while the 1990s and 2000s subdivisions are on a first generation of nursery trees now 25 to 35 years old and just reaching conflict size.
Carmel Urban Forestry publishes an approved species list (last revised 3/28/2024) whose "Undesirable Trees" section reads like a field guide to what fills older Hamilton County streets: silver maple (shallow roots, weak wood), Callery pear, pin oak, red maple and all Fraxinus for emerald ash borer. Approved large street trees run to swamp white oak, bur oak, chinkapin oak, hackberry, male-only ginkgo, thornless honeylocust, Kentucky coffeetree, baldcypress and London planetree; note Callery pear is discouraged locally but is not yet banned in Indiana — 312 IAC 18-3-25 currently lists 44 species without it.
Duke Energy Indiana. It runs a five-year distribution trim cycle, clearing roughly 20% of distribution line miles each year, gives Indiana customers a minimum of 14 days' notice before planned pruning, and files an annual vegetation management report with the IURC each March 31. Methods include pruning, mechanical trimming, brush mastication, herbicide application and hazard-tree removal.
Carmel's code section 6-64 is titled "Planting and Removal of Trees and Shrub Regulations" and sits in the streets-and-sidewalks division of Chapter 6, alongside 6-55 covering trees and shrubs that obstruct streets and sidewalks — so the city's active regulation is aimed at the public way, plus landscape and buffer plantings approved through development plan review by Urban Forestry. I could not verify the exact text of 6-64 or confirm whether any permit applies to removing a tree standing entirely in a private back yard; contact Carmel Urban Forestry through the city's Department of Community Services before assuming, and check HOA covenants, which in most Carmel subdivisions are stricter than the city.
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Distance measured from Carmel.