Answered for Beech Grove, Marion County.
Roots need oxygen, and water fills the pore space that delivered it. The tree is suffocating rather than drowning, and fine absorbing roots die within days in oxygen-free soil, so the tree shows drought symptoms while standing in water. Past the root loss, saturated soil shifts chemically and favors water-mold pathogens like Phytophthora that attack the root collar. Saturated soil also grips a root plate far more weakly than dry soil does, so a tree that was stable last week may not be this week. In Beech Grove — Park Grove, Park Meadow and Beech Meadow included, that's normally a hazardous tree removal job at $800–$5,000. Within days.
AES Indiana (the former Indianapolis Power & Light, renamed in 2021) is an Arbor Day Foundation Tree Line USA utility and states an eight-year vegetation management cycle. It removes debris after routine scheduled trimming but not after emergency or hazard-limb work.
Beech Grove is one of only 23 Indiana communities in the DNR's 2008 i-Tree STRATUM street tree sample inventory, and its numbers are extreme: of 1,699 inventoried street trees, silver maple was 33.1% — more than triple the 10%-per-species industry guideline — followed by Callery pear 11.5%, apple 10.1%, sugar maple 5.0% and littleleaf linden 5.0%. Those top-heavy silver maples on small lots are the recurring job here.
No Beech Grove ordinance requiring a permit to remove a tree on private property was found, and Indiana has no statewide tree removal permit. What the city code does regulate is hazard and nuisance: the property maintenance provisions require any tree, shrub or vegetation growing where it is likely to damage a structure to be trimmed or removed, and require dead or broken trees and limbs to be cut and removed from the premises. Work in the public right-of-way should be cleared with the city first.
Beech Grove is an "excluded city" under Unigov, so despite being surrounded by Indianapolis it runs its own police, public works and parks departments — the tree lawn between sidewalk and curb is Beech Grove right-of-way, handled by Beech Grove Public Works, not Indy DPW or Indy Parks Forestry. Abutting owners maintain the strip day to day; the city sets the rules for what happens in it.
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Distance measured from Beech Grove.