
Chlorosis on high-pH soil is the genuine decline signal: pale yellow-green new growth, worst near concrete and limestone backfill, which Purdue covers under iron chlorosis on trees. Spider mites and gall mites can bronze the foliage in a dry summer and read as decline when it is not; the things that actually matter are brown needles still held on the tree in midsummer and a thinning, twiggy top.
Every November this tree generates the same call: a homeowner who thought they bought an evergreen watches all the needles turn rust-brown and drop and reports a dead tree. It is a deciduous conifer and that is normal — the real central Indiana issue is that developers plant it by the hundreds around detention basins and street strips where it handles the wet compacted clay fine but yellows badly on high-pH soil.