Answered for Cumberland, Marion County (town limits extend east and north into Hancock County) County.
Common on stressed honey locust and on trees with mower or string-trimmer damage at the base — which is a genuinely avoidable cause. In Cumberland, the biggest and oldest trees stand in Old Town along US 40, over houses on a corridor continuously settled since 1831 — that is where a crew will meet 100-plus-year specimens with structures under them on both sides. Buck Creek carries the bottomland canopy, the east-side Hancock County subdivisions date from the 1970s through the 2000s and their canopy is mid-life, and ash has been removed across central Indiana by emerald ash borer; no published street-tree inventory exists for the town. A canker that has girdled more than about half the trunk circumference is structural, not cosmetic.
Cumberland's canopy and what's at risk
The biggest and oldest trees stand in Old Town along US 40, over houses on a corridor continuously settled since 1831 — that is where a crew will meet 100-plus-year specimens with structures under them on both sides. Buck Creek carries the bottomland canopy, the east-side Hancock County subdivisions date from the 1970s through the 2000s and their canopy is mid-life, and ash has been removed across central Indiana by emerald ash borer; no published street-tree inventory exists for the town.
What to look for
Sunken dead patches on bark, sometimes oozing, often with cracked margins. Branches above the canker die back.
Whether the tree can be saved
A canker that has girdled more than about half the trunk circumference is structural, not cosmetic. Small branch cankers can be pruned out; trunk cankers usually can't.
Timing in Marion County (town limits extend east and north into Hancock County) County
Prune out affected branches in dry weather, well below the canker.
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